ABSTRACT
Desde el punto de vista de la socio-epidemiología, la meningitis tiene dos diferentes comportamientostanto en su etiología como en su distribución, morbilidad y letalidad.La meningitis viral o aséptica, con manifestaciones clínicas menos severas, responde principalmenteen su distribución a hábitos personales, factores educativos y estilos de vida, siendoprincipalmente los enterovirus sus agentes etiológicos.La meningitis de origen bacteriano, causada principalmente por Neisseriae meningitidis y elStreptococcus pneumoniae, representa la forma más letal de la enfermedad, y tanto su distribución,morbilidad y mortalidad están determinadas por las condiciones económicas y sociales de lospaíses y comunidades más pobres del mundo, en donde la vacunación para su prevención comolos medicamentos para su control están muy limitados por el nivel de desarrollo económico.
From the social and epidemiological point of view, meningitis has two different courses: firstits etiology, and second its distribution, morbidity and fatality rate.Viral or aseptic meningitis, with its less severe clinical manifestations, responds mainly in itsdistribution to personal habits, educational factors and to life styles; been the enterovirus itsmost common biological agent.Bacterial meningitis is mostly secondary to Neisseriae meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.This form represents the most lethal type. Its distribution, morbidity and mortalityare determine, in the majority of the poor countries and communities of the world, by theireconomical and social conditions since the vaccination for its prevention and the medicationsfor its control are very limited in this areas due to their economic restrictions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiologic Studies , Meningitis, Bacterial , Meningitis, Viral , Morbidity , Activities of Daily Living , Economics , Economics, Medical , HabitsABSTRACT
Objective. Determine the prostate antigen levels and its association with the risk factors related withprostate cancer in male patients older than 40 years and residents of nine towns of Atlántico duringthe period from July to December 2003.Methods. Cross-sectional study in a sample of 839 men older than 40 years, residents in nine townsof Atlántic Department chosen randomly. Total Prostatic Specific Antigen (tPSA) levels in blood were measured by radioinmunoassay and information regarding family medical history, life-styles, comorbidity,medications, past medical and surgical history was collected through questionnaires. Those whose resultswere 4.0 ng/mL or more, were measured the Free Prostatic Specific Antigen (fPSA).The sample calculationsand the uni and bivariate analysis of the results was performed using Epi-Info version 6.04.Results. A 3.93 percent (n= 33) of the studied population showed high tPSA levels in blood (> 4ng/mL),36.7 percent (n= 308) of the population obtained levels between 2.0 and 4.0 ng/mL and 59.3 percent obtained levels < 2 ng/ml. se realize un análisis bivariado variables: age, marital status, family history of prostate cancer,alcohol and cigarette comsumption, obesity, and urinary symptoms, and there only were statisticalassociation between age and urinary symptoms (p< 0.05).Conclusion. A 3,6 percent of the studied population had high risk of prostate cancer , in function of tPSAand fPSA levels. There were found high percentage of illiteracy and other health conditions due tothe socioeconomic and educational characteristics. Along with health education and information aboutprograms of subsidiary regimens, affirmative actions towards health could be obtained.
Subject(s)
Male , Risk Factors , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostate , Mortality , Men , Men's HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare mortality of wasting syndrome (WS) versus Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients reported in Puerto Rico after controlling for gender, age, and CD4 levels. METHODS: AIDS patients for which a diagnosis of WS (n = 1,180) or PCP (n = 765), who were reported to the AIDS Surveillance System of Puerto Rico between 1989 and 1992, were used to analyze the mortality risk among these diagnoses using a Cox's proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: Cox model showed that WS patients had a 14 per cent to 33 per cent reduction in mortality risk compared with PCP patients after adjusting for gender and age (95 per cent confidence level). Mortality risks for males were 18 per cent (95 per cent CI: 1 per cent, 39 per cent) higher than females risk after adjusting for AIDS defining condition and age. It was shown that a decrease in 100 CD4 cells increased the mortality by 37 per cent (95 per cent CI: 16 per cent, 62 per cent) after adjusting for AIDS defining conditions, gender, and age.